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The OKLAB color space is a perceptual color space designed by Björn Ottosson in 2020. It serves as a modern improvement over the traditional CIELAB space, aiming to be simple to use while correcting flaws in LAB's perceptual uniformity, especially in the handling of blue hues which can appear purple in LAB. OKLAB uses three coordinates: 'L' for perceived lightness, 'a' for green-red, and 'b' for blue-yellow. Its superior perceptual accuracy makes it excellent for tasks like color blending, gradient generation, and image processing.
The XYZ color space, established by the CIE (International Commission on Illumination) in 1931, is the foundational model for all modern color management systems. It mathematically defines the relationship between the physical wavelengths of light and human color vision. In this model, 'Y' corresponds to luminance (brightness), while 'X' and 'Z' serve as virtual components to describe chromaticity. Because it encompasses all colors visible to the human eye, XYZ serves as the standard reference space for converting colors between different devices and color spaces.